The first persons to practice medicine in Bell County were not graduates of recognized schools. They either studied under some other doctor or went to some school for awhile and then went to practicing. Dr. Roberts, who practiced in 1870's, is said to have been one of the first doctors who practiced in Bell County. Dr. Morrison, who lived in the town of Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, practiced in Bell County in the early days. Dr. Harberson, who lived at Harrogate, Tennessee, also practiced in Bell County.

        Doctor Thomas Sylvester Foley, who lived in Pineville, practiced in Bell County, and is said to have been the first graduate of a recognized medical school to practice in the County. He graduated at the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, in 1884 and came to Bell County shortly after graduation. Dr. J. S. Bingham, son of Captain W. M. Bingham, of Pineville, is said to have been the first native born physician, who, as a graduate of a recognized medical college, practiced in Bell County.

        Some physicians were born and reared in the county, and, after graduation, practice elsewhere. Some other physicians after graduating from medical college, came from other parts of the state or country and settled in Bell County for practice. Still others were born and reared in the county and after graduation, came back to Bell County to practice. It is the purpose of this chapter on the medical profession of the county to include all three of these classes of physicians: (1) The native born physician who practices in the county, (2) The native born physician who practices outside of his native county, and (3) The outside physician who came into Bell County to practice.

        Doctor Thomas Sewell Fuson was born and reared on Little Clear Creek in the "Fuson Settlement." He was born January 18, 1878. He attended the Clear Creek Springs School as a boy, later Cumberland College, Williamsburg, Kentucky, and graudated at the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, in 1904. He went to Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, immediately after graduation and has practiced there since. He is a son of John Thomas and Sarah Jane (Lee) Fuson, and a grandson of James Robinson and Lucinda (Evans) Fuson. During, or just after, the World War he was drafted into the army service and was sent to U.S. Marine Base Hospital, Wilmington, N.C., during the flu epidemic in the army. He was there during most of the year 1919, and was an assistant surgeon to Dr. Styles, of Washington, D.C. He was mustered out November 16, 1919. He is a member of Bell County, State of Kentucky, and the U.S. Medical Societies. He is a Baptist, Republican in politics,

member of I.O.O.F. Masons, Elks, W.W., M.W.A. and Redmen. His home address is Cumberland Gap, Tennessee.

        Dr. Arthur Luther Fuson was born on Little Clear Creek, in the Fuson Settlement, September 13, 1885. He attended school at the Clear Creek Springs School until after he had passed through the eighth grade. He went to Lincoln Memorial University, Harragate, Tennessee, for his high school and college work. For his medical school work, he went to Lincoln Memorial Medical School, Knoxville, Tennessee, where he graduated in 1912, and soon thereafter he began the practice of his profession with his brother, Dr. T. S. Fuson, at Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, where he practiced until his death in 1927. He married, while in medical school, Mabel Smith, of Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1912. They had no children. Dr. A. L. Fuson is buried at Harrogate Cemetery, Harrogate, Tennessee. He was the son of John Thomas and Sarah Jane (Lee) Fuson, and the grandson of James Robinson and Lucinda (Evans) Fuson.

        Leonard D. Hoskins was born on his father's farm ten miles east of Pineville, Kentucky, on November 19, 1872. The doctor is not only a representative physician and surgeon of his native county, but is also a scion of one of the old honored families of the county. His paternal grandparents, George W. and Mary (Miracle) Hoskins, were natives of the historical old state of Virginia, where both were born in 1818, representative of fine colonial American ancestry. The original American progenitors of the Hoskins family came from Ireland to this country and settled in North Carolina long before the War of the Revolution, and representatives of the name later became pioneers both in Virginia and Tennessee, as well as Kentucky. George W. Hoskins was one of the early settlers of Bell County, Kentucky, where he obtained land ten miles east of Pineville and initiated the development of the fine old family farm estate which is now the home of his son James K. He was one of the venerable and revered pioneer citizens of the county at the time of his death, which occurred in 1894, on the old homestead, and his devoted wife did not long survive him, as she there passed to the life eternal in the year 1896.

      "James Knox Hoskins, father of the subject of this review, was born on the old homestead which is now (1922) his place of residence, as noted in the preceding paragraph, and the year of his nativity was 1844. After his marriage he continued his association with the activities of this homestead until 1876, when he purchased and removed to a farm ten miles south of Pineville. As a young man he married Mrs. Rossana (Wilson) Wilder, who was born in 1840, and whose death occurred in 1910. He is survived by two sons, Levi, of Middlesborough, Bell County, and William Nelson, a resident in the vicinity of Dallas, Texas. James K. and Rosana Hoskins became the parents of nine children: Elias is a farmer ten miles east of Pineville; George is similarly engaged ten miles southeast of Pineville; Dr. Leonard D., of this sketch, was the next in order of birth; Daniel is the efficient chief of the police department of Pineville; Mary Elizabeth is the wife of C. I. Thompson, a farmer ten miles east of Pineville; Caroline, who died at the age of twenty-one years, was the wife of L. J. Pursifull, who is now city tax collector of Pineville; Amanda, who died in 1914, near Lafollette, Tennessee, was the wife of Gabriel Green, who still remains on his farm in that locality; Telitha is the wife of Elijah Green, who likewise is a prosperous farmer near Lafollette, Tennessee; and Miss Sarah remains with her father, she having had charge of the domestic affairs of the home since the death of her loved mother.

        "Dr. Leonard D. Hoskins was about sixteen years old at the time of his parents' removal to Campbell County, Tennessee, and in the public schools of that county he acquired his early education. He formulated plans to prepare himself for the medical profession, and in due course he became a student in Hospital College of Medicine in the City of Louisville, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1903. After thus receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine he forthwith opened an office at Pineville, where he has since been actively engaged in general practice, though he gives special attention to the diseases and defects of the eye, and in this connection maintains modern facilities for the proper correction of errors of refraction and other eye irregularities.

        "The year 1893 recorded the marriage of Doctor Hoskins to Miss Rachel Hoskins, the two families, though of the same name, having no kinship. Mrs. Hoskins is a daughter of James M. and Mary (Wilder) Hoskins, who reside on their farm near Richmond, Madison County, Kentucky. Doctor and Mrs. Hoskins have four children: Charles, who is identified with the furniture business in Harlan, Kentucky; Sarah E. is the wife of Chester Rainwater, who is County Court Clerk of Jefferson County, Tennessee, their home being near Dandridge, that county; Viola is the wife of Frederick W. Smith, a coal operator residing in Harlan, judicial center of the Kentucky county of that name; and Leon, M.D., the youngest member of the parental home circle, was born June 30, 1910. He resides in, and practices medicine in, Harlan, Kentucky." (The above information on the life of Dr. L. D. Hoskins was taken from HISTORY OF KENTUCKY by Kerr and others, Volume III, page 41).

        O. P. Nuckols, M.D., achieved success and prestige in the profession of medicine and surgery. He was for two years adjunct professor of surgery in the Kentucky School of Medicine, now the Medical Department of the University of Louisville. Since 1910 he has been established in successful general practice in the City of Pineville, Bell Countv, Kentucky.

        "Doctor Nuckols was born near Glasgow, Barren County, Kentucky, September 27, 1861, and is a scion of one of the old and honored pioneer families of that county, where his parental great-qrandfather, Andrew Nuckols, settled in an early day, upon coming from his native state of Virginia, in which the family was founded in the Colonial Period of American history. Ponce Nuckols, grandfather of the Doctor, was born in Virginia in 1803, and was a boy at the time of the family migration to Kentucky. He died in Barren County in 1877. His wife, whose name was Saunders, likewise died in Barren County. Their son John Andrew was born in Barren County in 1834, and his death occurred in 1916. Mrs. Nuckols, whose maiden name was Louvina Bird, died on the old home farm, April 20, 1910. She was born in 1834. Her father, Obediah Bird, was born in Virginia in 1805. He died in 1890. John A. and Louvina (Bird) Nuckols became the parents of five children: (1) Cora is the wife of 0. P. Owens, a prosperous farmer near Glasgow; (2) Mollie is the wife of G. W. Ellis, who is engaged in the tobacco business in Glasgow; (3) Doctor Nuckols is the next of birth; (4) James R. is associated with his younger sister, (5) Miss Lilia E., in the ownership of the old home farm.

        "Doctor Nuckols attended the rural schools of Barren County, the Glasgow Normal College, in which he was graduated as a member of the class in 1885, and the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee, Nashville, where he graduated in 1891. He practiced for seven years in Canmer, Hart County, Kentucky; practiced eleven years in the City of Louisville, two years of which he was professor of surgery in the Kentucky Medical College; and in 1910 he came to Pineville, Kentucky, where he practiced for several years until his death a few years ago.

        "At Canmer, Hart County, in 1887, was soleminized the marriage of Doctor Nuckols to Miss Kathleen Matthis, daughter of Professor C. W. and Jemima (Stuart) Matthis, who now reside at Pineville (1922). Doctor and Mrs. Nuckols have four children: (1) J. Leon Nuckols who is engaged in the drug business in Pineville; (2) Lalla Rookh is the wife of C. Hays Foster, cashier of Lincoln National Bank, at Stanford, Lincoln County; (3) Paul Eve is bookkeeper and traffic manager for an important coal mining company at Pineville; (4) James Norwood, the youngest son, is assistant manager of the plant and business of the Chicago Packing House of Armour and Company at Middlesborough, Bell County,

Kentucky." (The information in regard to the life of Doctor 0. P. Nuckols was taken from Kerr's HISTORY OF KENTUCKY, Volume V. page 183).

        "Tilmon Ramsey, M.D., was born and reared in Bell County, Kentucky. He passed the period of his childhood and early youth on the homefarm and in the meanwhile availed himself of the advantages of the rural schools of Bell County. In preparation for his chosen profession, he was a student in the Medical Department of the University of Louisville in 1896-7, and he then transferred himself to the Medical Department of the University of Tennessee, at Nashville, in which institution he was graduated in 1899 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He served as intern in the Nashville City Hospital 1899-1900. He made a special study of surgery under Dr. W. D. Hazzard 1900-1901. In 1902 he began practice in Pineville, Kentucky, in Bell County, in which county he was reared, though his birth occurred in Claiborne County, Tennessee, on the 28th day of March, 1874.

        "At Pineville, in the year 1903, was soleminized the marriage of Doctor Ramsey to Miss Nan Gouger, who was born at Statesville, North Carolina, and the two children of this union are: (1) Jane, born May 2, 1908; (2) William, born December 29, 1909." (The material for this sketch of Doctor Tilmon Ramsey was taken from Kerr's HISTORY OF KENTUCKY, Volume V, at page 291).

         "Jacob Schultz, M.D., is engaged in the general practice of medicine in Middlesborough. He was born at Tazewell, Tennessee, July 23, 1879, a son of Benjamin F. Schultz, and grandson of Jacob Schultz, a native of Virginia, who died in Texas during the war between the North and the South. He was the pioneer of his family in Clairborne County, Tennessee, where he became the owner of 10,000 acres of land located between Springdale and Clinch River, along the road from Morristown to Cumberland Gap, which road he contracted for and built. He married Susanna Cloud, who was born in Clairborne County, Tennessee, and died at Springfield, Missouri, after the birth of Doctor Schultz. The Schultz family was established in Virginia by ancestors who came from Germany during the Colonial epoch of the country.

        "Benjamin Schultz was born at Springdale, Tennessee, in 1844, and died in Tazewell, Tennessee, in 1915. He was reared, educated and married in Clairborne County, Tennessee, but in 1858 moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he was engaged in merchandising and farming. In 1868 he returned to Clairborne County, and in 1870 was married. He was by profession a Civil Engineer. During the Civil War he was a confederate soldier under General Price.

        "Mr. Schultz married Eliza J. Johnson, who was born in Tazewell, Tennessee, in 1850, and died at Tazewell in 1901. Their children were: (1) Lula, who died of scarlet fever at the age of six years; (2) Wade Graham, who was a traveling salesman and who died at Middlesborough when he was thirty-eight years old; (3) Doctor Schultz, who was the third by birth; (4) Thomas J., who was a physician and surgeon, died at Middlesborough at the age of thirty-one years; (5) Elizabeth, who married S. R. Robinson, a merchant of Tazewell, Tennessee; (6) William B., who is a pharmacist, owns and operates the leading drug store of Middlesborough; and (7) Josie, who lives in Middlesborough, is married and her husband is a pharmacist.

        "Doctor Schultz attended the grade schools of Tazewell, Tazewell Academy, and began to teach school in Claiborne County at the age of twenty, and was so engaged for two years. He then entered the Tennessee Medical School at Knoxville, Tennessee, and spent two years in that institution, leaving it to become a student in the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and after two years there was graduated June 30, 1906, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He took post-graduate courses at the New York Polyclinic in 1913 and 1916, and also at New York Post-Graduate School in 1918, specializing in surgery. In 1906 he began the practice of Medicine at Logmont, and remained there until 1920, when he came to Middlesborough, and has remained there since, but still retains his practice at Logmont.

        "Doctor Schultz is a Republican and is Justice of the Peace for the Fourth Magisterial District of Bell County, which office he has held for the past 25 years. He belongs to the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of Pinnacle Lodge #661, F. and A.M.

        "In 1905 Doctor Schultz was married at Rogersville, Tennessee, to Miss Sue McKinney Nice, a daughter of W. G. and Sue (McKinney) Nice, residents of Rogersville. Mr. & Mrs. Schultz have no children."

        Edward Wilson, M.D., in addition to his successful practice of medicine in Bell County, was mayor of Pineville 1921-1925. Doctor Wilson was born at Lock, this county, July 14, 1879, and is a son of W. F. M. and Jane (Eager) Wilson, the former of whom was born in the state of Tennessee in 1836, and the latter of whom was born in Virginia, and was reared at Harlan Court House (now Harlan), the year of her nativity being 1839. Mrs. Wilson died at the family home at Lock, Bell County, in 1886, and there the death of her husband occurred the following year. W. F. M. Wilson was a young man when he established his residence at Lock, and there he followed the blacksmith trade for a long period, besides being one of the extensive and substantial farmers of that part of Bell County. He also was one of the pioneer teachers of Harlan and Bell counties as a young man. Their children were: (1)Annie, who resides at the home of Dr. Edward Wilson; (2) Columbus became a prosperous farmer of Bell County; (3) Dr. Edward Wilson.

        "Doctor Wilson studied in the public schools of Bell County as a lad; then went to Cumberland College, Williamsburg, Kentucky; and graduated at the Hospital College of Medicine in 1903. He took a post- graduate course in Chicago and three courses in the New York Post-Graduate School of Medicine.

        "At Whitesburg, Letcher County, in 1907, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Wilson to Miss Ella Tyree, daughter of Rev. S. C. and Martha J. (Adams) Tyree, now residents of London, Laurel County, where the father is engaged in the practice of law, after service as a clergyman of the Baptist Church, in the work of which he is still active. Dr. and Mrs. Wilson have six children: (1) Gypsy Vera, born 1908; (2) Edward Senn, born 1910; (3) Tyree Frances, born 1913; (4) Marion, born 1915; (5) Florence Roe, born 1918; and (6) Ella Ray, born 1920."

        Garfield Howard, M.D., was born at Lock, Kentucky, on the Right Fork of Straight Creek in 1884. Dr. Howard is the son of Jasper Howard, a well-to-do farmer on the Right Fork of Straight Creek. He attended the local schools on the Right Fork of Straight Creek until he had completed the eighth grade; took his high school and college work at Cumberland College, Williamsburg, Kentucky; and took his medical course at the Hospital College of Medicine (now the University of Louisville, Kentucky), Louisville, Kentucky, where he obtained his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1907.

        He married Fannie M. Gatliff in 1907, and to this union two children were born: (1) Maurice G. Howard, undertaker and embalmer, Williamsburg, Kentucky; (2) Thelma (Howard) Hendren, who married Dr. 0. S. Hendren, and was killed in an automobile accident in 1929.

        Dr. Howard moved to Williamsburg, Kentucky, in 1907, where he practiced for eight months. In 1908 he moved to Gatliff, Kentucky, where he has since been physician and surgeon for the Gatliff Coal Company, the Dixie Coal Company, the Mammoth Coal Company, and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company, a period of over thirty years.

        Dr. Howard is a member of the county and state Medical Societies. He has taken post-graduate work in Chicago and New York. He says of his work: "As a physician I have served the whole area of eastern Whitley County and parts of Bell and Knox counties. I have attended over 3600 obstetrical cases (deliveries) and have for the past ten years been in attendance on these same cases of the second generation. I have been engaged in Industrial Surgery, the general practice of medicine, and obstetrical cases."

        John Randolph Howard, M.D., was born in 1889, on the Right Fork of Straight Creek, near Pineville. He is the third son of Jasper Howard, a

prosperous farmer and pioneer of Bell County, and Mary V. Howard. His father and mother alike are descendants of Sir Thomas Howard's daughter, the wife of Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore), decendants of English nobility.

        Dr. Howard is a brother of Dr. Garfield Howard, the first son of Jasper and Mary V. Howard.

        Dr. John R. Howard attended the public schools of Bell County and secured a teacher's certificate of the first class. He attended Berea College, Berea, Kentucky, Cumberland College, Williamsburg, Kentucky, and Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee. He entered medical college in September 1911, and successfully passed the Tennessee Board in 1913. He was granted a permanent license to practice medicine and surgery in the state of Tennessee, which license is registered in Knox County, Knoxville, Tennessee. He continued the study of medicine and graduated from the Medical Departmnt of the University of Tennessee in June, 1915. He was granted a license to practice in

Kentucky in July, 1915. These licenses in Kentucky and Tennessee conferred on him the right to practice in 36 states of the union by reciprocity. He served his internship in the St. Joseph Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. He was associated with his brother, Dr. Garfield Howard, from 1915 to 1923. They were physicians for the Gatliff Coal Company, Dixie Coal Company, Mammoth Coal Company and the L & N Railroad Company.

        He moved to Packard in 1918 and was physician and surgeon for Mahan-Jellico Coal Company, Drake Coal Company and Palles Coal Company.  He moved to Harlan in 1923 and practiced there one year. Then, in 1924, he went to Loyall, Kentucky, three miles north of Harlan, where he grew with the town from a population of 500 to 2500. He is now serving his third term as Mayor of Loyall. He is active in the business, civic and educational affairs of his community and county.

        He is serving his second term as president of the Southeastern Kentucky Municipal league, composed of officials of Middlesborough, Pineville, Barbourville, Corbin, London, Williamsburg, Loyall, Harlan, Cumberland and Whitesburg.

        He is a member of the Odd Fellows, Masons and Eastern Star lodges; member of the Harlan County, Kentucky, State and American Medical Associations; member of the Tennessee Obstetrical Society, member of the staff of Harlan Hospital Association and surgeon for the L & N Railroad Company.

        He married Fleda. Rose Bird, daughter of John G. Bird whose wife was Nan Rose, the daughter of George P. Rose, a hero of the Civil War. He was a merchant and business man of Whitley County, later becoming a millionaire land owner of Oklahoma.

        His wife is a graduate of Western State Teachers College, Bowling Green, Kentucky. She holds a County Superintendent's certificate. She was Principal of a sixteen teacher high school in Oklahama when married to Dr. Howard.

        To this union were born: Charlotte Howard, July 1920, now attending Conservatory of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio. Charlotte graduated with honors from the Harlan High School. She is a graduate of Ward Belmont, Nashville, Tennessee, and Ohio Wesleyan University,    Delaware, Ohio, A.B., before her nineteenth birthday. Naomi Howard, born February, 1926, now a sophomore in Hughes High School, Cincinnati, Ohio. She is also studying violin and piano at the Conservatory of Music.

        Above all else he wishes to be remembered as the father of two accomplished daughters. He boasts of nothing except his record of two thousand deliveries, without the loss of a single mother.

        Dr. Philip Lee Fuson was born June 12, 1883. He attended the public schools of Bell County on Little Clear Creek and High School at Williamsburg, Kentucky. Then, after attending Normal School at Richmond, Kentucky, he began teaching in the schools of Bell County in 1904. He taught eight years. he attended Medical School at Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1910, and studied medicine and taught school, alternately, for three years, and graduated from Medical School in 1912. He and Dr. Luther Fuson graduated in the same class together.

        He began his medical career on Little Clear Creek, and, after two years, he became company doctor for the mines at Arjay on Straight Creek. Here he remained practicing medicine until his death, July 6, 1929.

        He married Sudie Mae Gabbard, May 20, 1921. His wife was born, January 12, 1896. She was a trained nurse but had practiced a very short time before her marriage. They had four children: (1) Mildred Leah Fuson, born May 18, 1922; (2) Philip Lee Fuson, Jr., born December 9, 1924;(3) Benjamin Gabbard Fuson, born September 11, 1926; (4) Vernon Ray Fuson, born October 15, 1928. Dr. Fuson's wife survived him nine years and died November 2, 1938.

        Dr. William Kenneth Evans, of Middlesborough, Kentucky, was born on Little Clear Creek, Bell County, October 21, 1879. He is a son of Shelton and Mary Fuson Evans. He married an Edwards and to them were born four children: (1) William Kenneth Evans, Jr.; (2) Mary Evans, (3) Louise Evans, (4) Kenton Evans.

        Dr. W. K. Evans graduated at the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, July 1, 1902. He practiced medicine in Pineville for three years after his graduation, and was with the L & N Railroad Company for three years where the company was doing construction work. He came to Middlesborough in 1908 and has practiced medicine there since.

        Dr. W. K. Evans established a private hospital in Middlesborough in 1912, and in 1930 his brother, Dr. J. T. Evans, joined him and thereafter the hospital was known as The Evans Hospital. The hospital was located for a number of years at 1018 Cumberland Ave., and on March 1, 1939, the hospital was moved into the old Coal and Iron Bank Building, after extensive repairs had been made to make it over into a hospital. The hospital has a hundred-bed capacity, and is said to be the best hospital between Lexington and Knoxville.

        Dr. W. K. Evans is said to be one of the best surgeons in southeastern Kentucky. He has been surgeon for the Louisville and Nashville and the Southern Railroads for a number of years.

        Dr. John Thomas Evans was born on Little Clear Creek, Bell County, Kentucky, July 18, 1877. He is a brother of Dr. W. K. Evans and a son of Shelton and Mary Fuson Evans. On December 22, 1897, he married Mollie Moss, daughter of Frank Moss. They have no children.

        Dr. Evans attended the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, and graduated from that institution July 1, 1903. He has practiced in Middlesborough from the time of his graduation.

        In 1930 he joined his brother Dr. W. K. Evans in the hospital his brother had founded in 1912, and thereafter the hospital was known as The Evans Hospital. The hospital is jointly owned and operated by Dr. Will K. Evans and Dr. J. T. Evans.

        Dr. Thomas Silvester Foley was born September 3,1861, and died March 18, 1909; he was the son of William Preston and Judia Ann (Smith) Foley. Doctor Foley was born and reared on a farm on Patterson's Creek in Whitley County, Kentucky, about two miles from Cumberland River.

        He attended the common schools at the mouth of Patterson Creek and afterwards went to the University of Kentucky (then Kentucky State University). He taught three common schools in Whitley County, after which he took the study of medicine under Dr. Ansil Gatliff, of Williamsburg. Dr. Gatliff was the first graduate physician to locate in Whitley County. He studied medicine under Dr. Gatliff for two years. In 1881 he went to the Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky where, in 1884, he graduated.

        After returning from college he located in Pineville, where he practiced medicine until his death. He did a private practice all his life, with the

exception of four years' practice with Dr. J. S. Ward at the old Straight Creek Mining Company mines near the forks of the two Straight creeks.

        After locating in Pineville he married Vestina Johnson, daughter of Wilburn Johnson, and sister of Charles and Rice Johnson. They had five children, four boys and one girl.

        At the time Doctor Foley located in Pineville he was the first and only doctor with a college diploma. There were no railroads, no bridges and the roads were mere trails. He got over the county on horse back, and well does the author remember Doctor Foley on his horse, with saddle bags, rain coat and umbrella attached to his saddle. I remember asking him one time why he carried all this protection. His reply was, "You never know when it is going to rain."

        Early in his practice he had a surgical case. A man fell from a horse on Black Mountain above the present Black Star Coal Company's mines. There was no hospital to take him to. The injured man was carried to a mountain cabin, where Dr. Foley reduced the fractured thigh bone and remained two weeks with this man without coming home. The family, who lived in the log cabin, were poor people and had poor accommodations; but they had the true Kentucky mountain spirit and did all they could for their neighbor and the neighbor's physician.

        Dr. John Grant Foley, brother of Thomas Silvester Foley, was born on Patterson's Creek in Whitley County, Kentucky, January 22, 1864, son of William Preston Foley and Judia Ann (Smith) Foley. He was born and reared on a farm on Patterson's Creek and grew up with a family of eight children. He attended the common schools on Patterson's Creek until he was twenty-one years of age. He attended the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, with Judge H. H. Tye, of Williamsburg. While attending this school I had classes under Prof. R. N. Roark, who afterwards was the first President of the Eastern Kentucky State Normal School at Richmond, Kentucky. After returning from this school, he taught school two years under his brother in Pineville and then went to the Hospital College of Medicine in Louisville, Kentucky, where he graduate in 1890, and also completed a course in dentistry in Louisville. Then he began the practice of medicine and dentistry with his brother in Pineville. There were no drug stores at the time and as a doctor he had to carry his pill bag with him, containing the medicines he needed in his practice.

        Surgery in those days, under the circumstances, was of the crudest kind, since there were no hospitals. He relates an incident where he and Dr. Sam Blair amputated a man's leg. They got together their outfit and went upon the Log Mountain, about six miles from Pineville, to where the man lived in a one-story log house, with one door and no windows. The house was too dark for the operation. So they took the man out in the yard and on a crude table performed the operation. The man recovered from the operation and lived many years afterwards.

        He was appointed health officer of Bell County in 1914. Bell County was the second county in the state to have an all-time health officer.

At the age of thirty-six he married Annie Wainwright, of Belle, Tennessee, who came to Pineville as a school teacher.

        There are other physicians of Bell County: Dr. G. M. Asher, Pineville; Dr. Paul J. Armstrong, Middlesborough; Dr. J. C. Ausmus, Middlesborough; Dr. U. G. Brummett, Middlesborough; Dr. C. K. Broshear, Middlesborough; Dr. A. G.

Barton, Middlesborough; Dr. George S. Calloway (deceased), Wallins; Dr. Houston Colson (deceased), Middlesborough; Dr. Mason Combs (deceased), Pineville; Dr. J. C. Carr, Middlesborough; Dr. C. C. Durham, Pineville (deceased); Dr. Goldie Horr Eagle, Middlesborough; Dr. Roscoe R. Evans, Arjay; Dr. James P. Edmonds, Middlesborough; Dr. J. G. Foley, Pineville; Dr. Palestine Howard, Lafollette, Tennessee; Dr. M. D. Hoskins, Coalgood; Dr. Albert B. Hoskins, Beattyville; Dr. E. W. Miracle, (deceased), Loyall; Dr. J. H. Herndren, Pineville; Dr. M. R. Ingram (deceased), Fourmile; Dr. I. H. Miller, Middlesborough; Dr. R. E. Nelson, Beverly; Dr. J. S. Parrott, Pineville; Dr. R. F. Porter, Middlesborough; Dr. Frank Queener, Middlesborough; Dr. Charles B. Stacey, Pineville; Dr. Adam Stacey, Pineville; Dr. J. R. Tinsely, Middlesborough; Dr. T. D. Vankirk, Middlesborough; Dr. Edward Wilson, Jr., Pineville; Dr. John Scott Ward (deceased), Straight Creek; Dr. E. D. Woodson, Middlesborough.

        The following dentists practice their profession in Bell County: Dr. J. M. Brooks, Pineville; Dr. J. H. Brooks, Middlesborough; Dr. J. S. Corn,

Pineville; Dr. M. H. Lewis, Pineville; Dr. M. E. Motch, Middlesborough; Dr. J. R. Pennington, Middlesborough; Dr. A. L. Robertson, Middlesborough.